Poland

Poland is a country located in Central Europe bounded to the north by the Baltic Sea and two mountain ranges in the south, the Sudetes and the Carpathians. The country is bordered by 7 countries: Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania and the Kaliningrad (Russian territory).

Agriculture was the primary economic activity in Poland before World War II. About 70% of the population were farmers at that time. The economy grew significantly in the 1930s after industrialization. Currently, The largest component of its economy is the service sector (63.7%), followed by industry (33.3%) and agriculture (3%). Among the industrial sectors, automotive production accounts for 11% of Poland’s total industrial output and about 4% of the country’s GDP.

Poland has introduced a policy of economic liberalization since 1990, and it was the only EU economy not to experience a recession in the global economic downturn in 2007. The main reason is that GDP is largely driven by Polish consumption. As of 2020 the Polish economy has been growing steadily for the past 29 years, a record high in the EU. Foreign direct investment (FDI) reached 4.24% of GDP in 2023.
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